The effect of muzzle devices on the distribution of muzzle waves when firing an assault rifle

When firing an infantry gun, the muzzle wave will spread into the surrounding space, which will cause harmful mechanical effects to the shooter and military personnel near the weapon. The impact of the muzzle wave on the shooter is increased when a muzzle device is placed on the barrel of the gun. Therefore, weapon designers desire to improve the efficiency of muzzle devices and limit the mechanical impact of the muzzle wave on the shooter's hearing organs. This article discusses a thermogasdynamic method for determining the changes in excess pressure distribution of the muzzle wave and sound pressure level at the shooter's ear position. The calculations focus on shooting an assault rifle with three different types of muzzle devices, each with varying features and efficiencies, using 7.62x39 mm ammunition. The results indicate that the isobaric curve of the muzzle wave shifts backward when a muzzle device is used. This shift can lead to an increase of up to 6\;dB in the sound pressure level near the gunner's ear. The results of the mathematical models are consistent with the data from the experiments. The article provides a basis for a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of using muzzle devices.