Pulmonary endarterectomy for subacute on top of chronic thromboembolic disease

Our objective is to describe our approach for a case of subacute on top of chronic thromboembolic disease and highlight operative learning points. Prior to incision, appropriate monitoring equipment, including an arterial line, Swan–Ganz catheter, brain saturation monitor and bispectral index monitor, is placed for proper management of haemodynamics. Sternotomy was performed, and the ascending aorta was cannulated, followed by bicaval cannulation for venous drainage. The patient was cooled to deep hypothermia. Once target temperature was achieved, circulatory arrest commenced. The left pulmonary artery was opened and the subacute component was removed without disrupting the plane of the chronic thromboembolic disease. An endarterectomy plane was then created proximally and dissected into the distal segmental/subsegmental branches. Once the endarterectomy was completed, the left pulmonary artery was closed. Circulation was resumed for end-organ perfusion. Once the right pulmonary artery was ready for dissection, circulatory arrest was restarted. Similarly to the left side, the subacute component was removed without disrupting the plane of the chronic thromboembolic disease. An endarterectomy plane was then created proximally and dissected into the distal segmental/subsegmental branches. Circulation was then resumed. Once rewarmed to 35.5°C, the patient was decannulated and the sternum was closed.