Challenges in diagnostics and management of a dysgerminoma in a young female

Introduction: A rare case of dysgerminoma led to the prolonged and complex diagnostic journey of a young woman. Methods: The diagnostic process involved various imaging modalities, including ultrasound, FDG-PET/CT scan and MRI, alongside diagnostic laparoscopy. Additionally, methotrexate was administered based on provisional diagnosis to manage the patient’s condition. Results: Initial investigations suggested pregnancy of unknown location due to inconclusive ultrasound findings. Subsequent imaging with FDG-PET/CT initially appeared normal, but was followed by MRI, which revealed a solid mass on the right ovary. The definitive diagnosis of dysgerminoma was made during a repeat laparoscopy. The patient received oncologic treatment and recovered fully. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the challenges in diagnosing rare conditions, which may mimic common clinical diseases, as well as the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach.