Asymptomatic Migration of Ureteral Stent to Superior Vena Cava After Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: An Extremely Rare Case and Review of the Literature

Abstract Ureteral stent migration should be considered a rare complication of urologic procedures. We report a 69-year-old lady diagnosed with ureteral stent migration two weeks after undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy while she was symptom-free. The stent passed the heart and extended to the superior vena cava and right brachiocephalic vein. After excluding thrombus formation, the stent was retrieved with endovascular approach. Stent migration to superior vena cava while being asymptomatic is extremely rare. Considering this complication is crucial to prevent consequent fatal events. This case highlights this rare complication of ureteral stent placement and reviews its management.