Epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children in Ghana

Background: The epidemiology of cerebral palsy (CP) is poorly described in Ghana. These data are crucial for evidence-based intervention for children with CP in the country. Objectives: We aimed to describe the epidemiology of CP among children in Ghana. Method: We established the first institution-based register of children with CP in Ghana (Ghana CP Register–GCPR). Children with confirmed CP aged 18 years were registered following a detailed neurodevelopmental assessment. Socio-demographics, risk factors, predominant motor type and topography, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), associated impairments, education and rehabilitation status were documented. Results: Between October 2018 and February 2020, 455 children were registered (mean standard deviation s. d. age at assessment: 5. 9 4. 1 years). Preterm birth and low birthweight were reported in 52. 0% and 21. 1% children respectively. Most children (79. 6%) had a pre- or perinatally acquired CP and the mean (s. d. ) age of CP diagnosis was 22. 2 (21. 6) months. Overall, 55. 9% of children had spastic tri- or quadriplegia, 60. 5% had GMFCS level III–V and 70. 3% had ≥ 1 associated impairment. However, 20. 5% had never received rehabilitation services and 69. 6% of school-aged children in the GCPR were not enrolled in schools. Conclusion: The study findings indicate a high burden of severe motor and associated impairment among children with CP in Ghana which highlights the need for tailored interventions to improve health and well-being of children with CP in the country. Contribution: The study highlights the need for interventions to improve functional outcome, health and well-being of children with CP in Ghana.