Workplace training transfer: a systematic scoping review of evaluation tools for adult learning

Purpose Training transfer refers to the extent to which knowledge, skills and attitudes acquired during training are effectively applied in the workplace. Tools designed to assess transfer either measure its outcomes directly or capture the factors that enable or hinder this process. Despite their relevance, such instruments remain heterogeneous and fragmented. This study aims to systematically map and analyze both categories of tools in the context of workplace learning. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a systematic approach and scoping review. The search was conducted across seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC and PsycINFO). The reviewers’ group assessed the retrieved articles to determine whether the studies met the inclusion criteria, ultimately including 45 studies. Data extraction was performed using a structured data extraction table, which enabled the identification of common characteristics based on the information collected. Findings Most studies originate from the USA and feature mixed contexts, including both public and private sectors, as well as industrial and managerial domains, and profit and non-profit settings. Eight studies primarily examined health-care environments, and six of these were exclusively developed in the nursing field. The total participant count across included studies is 24,096. Three significant categories of evaluation tools emerged: standalone instruments, composed tools and tailored instruments. The Learning Transfer System Inventory stood out as the most used standalone instrument, while other studies used multifactorial instruments or developed tailored tools specific to their contexts. Originality/value The review underscores the ongoing need for methodological innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration in training transfer research. By advancing our understanding of the factors influencing training transfer research and developing robust assessment tools, we can enhance the effectiveness of training programs and contribute to organizational success in today’s dynamic work environments.