Comparative analysis of Health-Related Quality of Life, anxiety and depression in patients with alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis and with association of these diseases

Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) and atopic dermatitis (AtD) are associated with significant psychosocial burden, emphasizing the importance of quality of life (QoL) assessment due to potential psychological distress and treatment hindrance. Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of QoL, anxiety and depression in patients with AA, AtD and their combination, according to diseases severity. Materials and methods. The study included 91 patients of both sexes (18–52 years old). All patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 – 25% patients with AA, group 2 – 28% with AtD, group 3 – 47% patients with both diseases; the groups were subdivided by dermatoses severity. The DLQI, Skindex-29 and HADS questionnaires were used. Mann-Whitney U-test was conducted to compare the mean values of quantitative data (М ± n) (p < 0.05). Results. Group 1 had moderately decreased QoL according to DLQI (6.5 ± 0.67); total Skindex-29 score was 23.55 ± 2.46 (low impact) with the highest value in the emotion domain. In group 2 DLQI score was 12.5 ± 1.51, total Skindex-29 score was 48.41 ± 3.76; in group 3 DLQI was 11.5 ± 0.58, Skindex-29 – 50.46 ± 2.14. These values corresponded to very negative impact on QoL, increasing with diseases severity. There was a reliable difference in DLQI and Skindex-29 values between groups 1 and 2 and groups 1 and 3. Mean HADS scores in all groups were generally comparable and correlated with AtD and AA severity. Conclusion. Compared to AA, AtD has a greater impact on QoL, involving all areas of social health; AA predominantly affects emotional sphere. The presence of both diseases worsens QoL as well as AtD alone, especially in aspects “emotions” and “functions”.