Abstract This paper was conducted to upcycle lime-neutralize etching wastewater (LNW), produced from the etching of cenospheres for producing perforated cenospheres (PCs), into alkali-activated slag / fly ash, considering the high contents of Ca2+, Cl-, and OH-. The effects of LNW on the fresh properties, hydration products, compressive strength, microstructure and nanomechanical properties of AASF were investigated. Results revealed that the addition of LNW extended the setting times and inhibited the early hydration of AASF due to the existence of Ca2+ and NH4+ in LNW. In addition, the existence of Ca2+ in LNW reacts with NaOH to form Ca(OH)2, which can work as an auxiliary activator for AASF. Consequently, the LNW-added AASF mortars exhibited denser pore structures and higher compressive strengths. By using 25—100% LNW, the compressive strengths of AASF mortars can be improved by 2.7—18.9% (3d), 4.8—19.5% (7d) and 5.6—19.7% (28d), respectively.
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Zhou et al. (2024) studied this question.
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