Uterine Carcinosarcoma with Heterologous Mesenchymal Elements: A Rare Case Report

Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) also referred to as malignant mixed mullerian tumour (MMMT), is a rare and highly aggressive tumour that features both epithelial and mesenchymal elements, exhibiting a clinical presentation that is akin to endometrial carcinoma.. Here, we describe a case of high-grade UCS with heterologous elements including rhabdomyosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. The lady presented with a history of postmenopausal bleeding and abdominal pain with imaging studies indicating a thickened endometrium. Subsequent endometrial biopsy revealed a diagnosis of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS). Following surgical staging, a pathology confirmed the presence of UCS with sarcomatous elements comprising of rhabdomyosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. She received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. This case emphasizes the significance of a comprehensive pathological assessment in making treatment decisions and improving patient’s outcomes in the management of rare uterine malignancies.