Sleep Disturbances and Depression Levels among General Indonesian Population: A National Survey

The correlation between sleep disturbance and depression is widely recognized in developed countries but relevant evidence is lacking in developing countries. This study aims to assess the correlation between sleep disturbance and depression levels among the general Indonesian population. This national cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Sleep disturbance was assessed based on the questions related to sleeping experience. Depression levels were assessed with a modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Sociodemographic factors as confounders were obtained from the self-reported data. Logistic regression was performed after adjusting for confounders. A total of 22,024 respondents were included. Respondents with severe, moderate, and mild sleep disturbance were associated with depression compared to those with none or slight sleep disturbance. Respondents with sleep disturbance had a higher possibility of experiencing depression. Screening of sleep quality among the general population is important to reduce the risk of depression.