This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.
A most excruciating situation for particularly patients and, families arises when they and/or their providers must make end-of-life decisions, these decisions may be most difficult for staff as well because they may have wholly opposite than these parties. In this piece I present a case and three few less commonly taken but sometimes most effective approaches to this situation that staff may take and hat are the best ethical approaches possible. These are allowing all decision-makers to present not only their views but the rationales underlying them, switching the question from what the decision should be to who should decide, and providers initially telling these parties that they support them as in seeking an appeal regardless of what they themselves believe.
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Edmund G. Howe (2024) studied this question.
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