Effects of domestic trauma on infant mortality: An analysis of the impacts on pediatric health

Childhood trauma resulting from domestic accidents is a serious public health problem in Brazil, where traffic accidents and drowning are the main causes of infant mortality. Approximately 4,700 children die annually and 125,000 are hospitalized due to accidents. These events are often predictable and preventable. Domestic accidents involving children are associated with social and cultural factors such as lack of family knowledge, absence of a preventive culture, inadequate surveillance, and unsafe environments. The review seeks to compile data on childhood trauma to promote discussions that encourage future studies and public policies aimed at protecting children. The literature review was conducted based on data from 2020 to 2024, using terms such as "Childhood trauma" and "Childhood burn trauma", and selecting complete and relevant articles. The results indicate that drownings are most common among children aged one to five, with peaks at two and four years. Drowning is the leading cause of death among children aged five to fourteen and can occur quickly, even in small volumes of water. Preventive measures include physical barriers in swimming pools and strict supervision. Falls and local trauma are the most frequent types of accidents at all ages, with a predominance among boys and in the 10- to 13-year-old age group. Burns are also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with hot liquids being the main cause. Factors such as lack of running water and low income increase the risk of burns. In conclusion, lack of family supervision is a critical factor in domestic trauma, often resulting from an overconfidence in safety.