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This study systematically investigated the effects of tea polyphenols on methane (CH4) production and the rumen epithelial cell transport capability in cattle using both in vitro and animal experiments, employing multi-omics techniques. The in vitro results demonstrated that, compared to the control group, tea polyphenols significantly reduced CH4 production and the acetate/propionate ratio (p < 0. 05). Tea polyphenols reduced CH4 production by inhibiting the relative abundance of unclassifieddArchaea methanogens and the protozoa Pseudoentodinium and g_Balantioides. The animal experiments showed that tea polyphenols significantly increased the concentrations of T-AOC and GSH-PX in bovine blood (p < 0. 05). In addition, microbial groups such as RikenellaceaeRC9gutgroup, RuminococcaceaeNK4A214group, and Butyrivibrio₂ were significantly enriched in the ruminal fluid of the tea polyphenol group (p < 0. 05). The proteomic results indicated significant upregulation of proteins such as COIII, S100A8, FABP1, SLC2A8, and SLC29A1 (p < 0. 05) and downregulation of proteins including HBB, RAB4A, RBP4, LOC107131172, HBA, and ZFYVE19 (p < 0. 05), with FABP1 showing a positive correlation with propionate concentration, and RAB4A had a negative correlation (p < 0. 05). Overall, tea polyphenols modulate the microbial composition within the rumen, inhibiting CH4 production and enhancing the host’s rumen epithelial cell transport capacity for volatile fatty acids.
Teng et al. (Wed,) studied this question.