The 2015 “Religious Turn” in Poland’s Foreign Policy and Foreign Aid

The research note examines the causes, methods, and manifestations of promoting and defending Catholic and broader Christian values in Poland's foreign policy from the end of 2015 to 2023. First, I summarize the essential religious issues in Poland's foreign policy after 1989. Second, I explore the "diplomacy of values" of Law and Justice, which positioned itself as a defender of Christianity and Christians worldwide. Using the example of foreign aid, I demonstrate the increased significance of religion in Poland's external activity. Finally, I discuss the reasons for the "religious turn" in Poland in the international and national dimensions.