Exploring the Role of Paramedics in Identifying Criminal Activity

This concept paper explores if there is a role for paramedics in crime identification. Evidence of organized crime, human trafficking and, to a lesser extent, radicalisation exists. All potential to damage victims’ physical and mental well-being and negatively impact society. Background - Paramedics respond to sexual health issues or sexual/violent assaults on bondservants, injury/illness to persons connected with organized crime, or radicalized persons, they may witness red flags that may hold crucial information for law enforcement. Research identifies health care as an intervention point, particularly in cases of sexual bondservants; on many occasions, identification did not occur. A scoping review highlighted a lack of adequate awareness of paramedics in identifying this emerging subset of criminal activity. Additionally, there is a lack of robust reporting processes that offers protection from retaliation. Design - A literature search using online data databases. Guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, 61 articles were found, 22 were identified as relevant. Results - The search highlights a lack of paramedicine research; studies focused on hospital-based medical practitioners (physicians and nursing staff), law enforcement agencies, and allied agencies (lawyers and support services). The review found no studies that focused on preparing paramedics to identify emerging crimes. Conclusions - Research on paramedicine as a standalone was lacking. Further research will add insight into operations, function as a guide, and assist in developing specific awareness education packages. Cohort studies and organisational interrogation linking paramedic awareness to these crimes would establish the current level of understanding.