Oxidative Stress Alters the Therapeutic Effects of Ketorolac in the Chicks Model

The purpose of the research consisted of assessing the modification produced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced oxidative stress (OS) on the ketorolac therapeutic effects in the chickens which are the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory.A significant decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and subsequent occurrence of OS was observed in the stressed (H 2 O 2 ) group on days 7 th , 10 th , and 14 th by 39, 29, and 41%, respectively in comparison to the control (non-stressed) group.The analgesic effect of ketorolac in the stressed group had more intense in comparison to the non-stressed group, the analgesic effectiveness of ketorolac raised by 16% in that group.In the non-stressed and stressed groups, ketorolac produces its antipyretic effect at 3 and 4 hours after fever induction by baker's yeast while it shows the effect significantly at 1, 2, and 4 hours.Furthermore, ketorolac has the superiority of antipyretic action in stressed group over the non-stressed group.Ketorolac carries out anti-inflammatory activity in the stressed and non-stressed groups by 61 and 75%, respectively.Ketorolac has a significant antiinflammatory property in the stressed group through a significant decrease in the delta thickness compared to the non-stressed group.The stressed group was treated with ketorolac for five consecutive days significantly affect the kidney and liver function concerning the non-stressed group.The net findings proposed the ability of H 2 O 2 -induced OS to alter ketorolac's analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties in the chickens thus, it is recommended to reduce the dose of ketorolac intended to be given to stressed animals involved.