Antidiabetic Research: A Review of Drosophila melanogaster Models, Molecular Mechanisms, and Experimental Protocols

Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a valuable model organism for investigating metabolic disorders, particularly in the realm of diabetes research. It effectively replicates the intricate nature of human diabetes, making it an ideal subject for creating diabetes models. Its acceptance as an experimental model stems from several factors, including the simplicity of genetic manipulation, cost-effectiveness, and time efficiency. The conservation of insulin signalling and metabolic pathways between Drosophila melanogaster and mammals further underscores its relevance in elucidating human diabetes mechanisms. Studies have shown that Drosophila are used as an experimental model to show the antidiabetic activity of numerous plants such as Cyperus rotundus L. Kombucha, Potentilla discolor Bunge, Spondias mombin (Linn), Soy isoflavone and Atriplex halimus. Successful research outcomes with Drosophila melanogaster depend largely on maintaining optimal culture conditions and employing techniques that minimize stress and injury to the flies. This review examines the significance of Drosophila melanogaster in antidiabetic research, encompassing the underlying molecular mechanisms, experimental protocols, applications in drug screening and the challenges associated with utilizing this model organism.