Metformin and small for gestational age babies: findings of a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of metformin in gestational diabetes (EMERGE)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes because of suboptimal glucose management and glucose control and excessive weight gain. Metformin can offset these factors but is associated with small for gestational age (SGA) infants. We sought to identify risk factors for SGA infants, including the effect of metformin exposure on SGA status.