Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
A recent evaluation of the UWWTD confirmed that overflows from combined systems and surface water runoff are a significant pressure of the aquatic environment in terms of pollution. Increasing urbanization, climate change, and the evolution of pollutants suggest that CSOs may worsen in the future, impacting on the ecological status of rivers. In the Italian case study, an urban drainage model of the Bologna sewer network is applied to quantify the pollution load discharged from CSOs, which represents the main parameter for the design of treatment technology.
Evangelisti et al. (Sat,) studied this question.