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The rapid evolution of cloud computing has paved the way for deploying network functions (NFs) in cloud environments, significantly enhancing the flexibility, scalability, and efficiency of modern network infrastructures. Kubernetes, an open-source container orchestration platform, has emerged as a leading tool for deploying and managing these cloud-based network functions. However, despite its widespread adoption, Kubernetes presents several deployment challenges specific to network functions, stemming from its design, scalability, and operational intricacies. This paper delves into the core challenges faced during the deployment of network functions on Kubernetes, focusing on issues related to network performance, security, service orchestration, and resource management. The abstract aims to provide an overview of the technical hurdles and propose potential strategies to overcome them, thus contributing to the optimization of Kubernetes-based NF deployments in cloud environments. By analyzing existing literature and case studies, the paper identifies key areas where improvements are needed and discusses the implications of these challenges for the future of cloud-based network functions. Ultimately, the paper seeks to guide network architects and cloud engineers in better understanding the complexities of Kubernetes deployments for network functions and in developing more effective strategies for successful implementation.
Daram et al. (Sat,) studied this question.