Effects of combined exposure to fine particulate matter and cold waves and on IHD hospitalizations at low and high altitudes

Climate change and air pollution are major challenges facing the world today. Cold waves and air pollution significantly impact ischemic heart disease (IHD), but the extent of these effects at different altitudes remains unclear, especially their interactions. We collected daily meteorological, pollutant, and IHD hospitalization data from Xining and Xinxiang from 2016 to 2021. Using a time-stratified case-crossover approach, we fitted conditional Poisson regression models to assess the association between cold waves, PM