Framing silence: the Nazi persecution of gay men in Michel Dufranne and Milorad Vicanović-Maza’s graphic novel, Triangle rose (2011)

Writer Michel Dufranne and illustrator Maza's French-language graphic novel, Triangle rose, (2011) features a Berlin homosexual deported under Paragraph 175. In this frame narrative, the elderly survivor's story never reaches its potential diegetic audience, Parisian students, including the protagonist's great-grandson. The framed narrative represents the protagonist's unarticulated memories. This narrative glitch reflects 1) the historic failure to acknowledge homosexuals as legitimate Nazi victims, and 2) ongoing homophobia in Berlin and Paris, resulting in shame, as conceptualized by Sara Ahmed and Ruth Leys. Portraylng the Nazi persecution of gay men, Triangle rose highlights an important, underrepresented chapter of National Socialist history.