The South African Constitution entrusts basic service provision to municipalities.Water and sanitation services are among these basic services.This paper provides a substantiated perspective on the current sub-optimal state of municipal water and sanitation services.Municipal water and sanitation services are considered for the 2019-2024 period using a seven-pillar assessment framework to evaluate whether the status quo is underlain by unwillingness or inability (or both) on the part of municipalities.The analysis shows that there is much room for improvement and identifies inefficiency as a critical priority area for improvement.
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Luyaba et al. (2024) studied this question.
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