The Keck Adaptive Secondary Mirror (KASM) project is planned as a core component of adaptive optics (AO) improvements for the Keck 1 telescope. KASM will provide image quality enhancements to all instrument locations, while also enabling correction of the ground layer turbulence for wide field instruments, and the foundation for a visible light diffraction-limited AO system. KASM is intended to replace the original telescope secondary mirror (M2) and will support both adaptive optics correction and purely passive (seeing-limited) observing modes of operation. The concept for KASM has been developed considering both voice coil and hybrid variable reluctance actuator technology. A metrology and calibration setup for off-sky use has been developed to verify KASM performance both prior to installation and once at the telescope.
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Hinz et al. (2024) studied this question.
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