Hazard area assessment of vehicles running over vehicle security barriers using finite element method combined with stochastic analysis

A clear procedure for determining the performance of vehicle security barriers (VSB) will aid event planners and security forces in selecting an appropriate type of VSB and placing it at a safe distance from the crowd. This paper presents a numerical analysis procedure for precisely determining the penetration distance of vehicles running over VSBs in various site conditions. Here, the finite element (FE) method is used in combination with stochastic analysis. The certification crash test results of the VSB are used to verify the FE model by comparing the vehicle’s maximum penetration distance, velocity-displacement curve, and motion sequence of the barrier and vehicle. This verification process ensures the accuracy of the FE model. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to model the impact of parameters such as vehicle impact speed and impact angle. The hazard area was then approximated using the moving least squares method (MLS) to show the vehicle’s penetration behind the VSB.