Prostate Corpuscles: Looking for Biomarkers of Early Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed disease in men in the world, and the mortality rate has been rising in recent years. At present, there are two early screening tests which are determination of plasma concentration of prostate specific antigen and prostate rectal contact. However, these tests do not have the best specificity and sensitivity for the detection. Although different studies have searched for new biomarkers through the implementation of new generation sequencing, mass spectrometry and other technologies, the same shortcomings still exist, so they cannot be translated in clinical practice; Therefore, the discovery of new prostate cancer biomarkers is a challenge for the scientific community. Prostate corpuscles correspond to extracellular vesicles secreted by normal prostate or tumor tissues and can be detected in different liquids. Structurally, prostate bodies are different from other exosomes because their size, membrane composition and specific protein content make them a potential and new source of clinical biomarkers. In this regard, this review reviews protein biomarkers isolated from prostaglandin glands present in different biological fluids for potential diagnosis of prostate cancer. To this end, a systematic search was conducted on PubMed for proteomic studies of prostate cancer, including extracellular vesicles, exosomes and prostaglandin glands, as well as blood, urine, semen and other biological samples.