Palmitic acid-induced cell death: impact of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, mitigated by L-citrulline

Palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant saturated free fatty acids, induces apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. It is suggested that oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are key mechanisms underlying PA-induced cell death. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between ER stress and oxidative stress during PA-induced cell death in MAC-T cells. Additionally, we examined whether L-citrulline can protect against PA-induced damage of MAC-T cells.