D’Alembert–Lagrange Principle in Symmetry of Advanced Dynamics of Systems

The D’Alembert–Lagrange principle is a fundamental concept in analytical mechanics that simplifies the analysis of multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical systems, facilitates the dynamic response prediction of structures under various loads, and enhances the control algorithms in robotics. It is essential for solving complex problems in engineering and robotics. This theoretical study aims to highlight the advantages of using acceleration energy to obtain the differential equations of motion and the generalized driving forces, compared to the classical approach based on the Lagrange equations of the second kind. It was considered a mechanical structure with two degrees of freedom (DOF), namely, a planar robot consisting of two homogeneous rods connected by rotational joints. Both the classical Lagrange approach and the acceleration energy model were applied. It was noticed that while both approaches yielded the same results, using acceleration energy requires only a single differentiation operation, whereas the classical approach involves three such operations to achieve the same results. Thus, applying the acceleration energy method involves fewer mathematical steps and simplifies the calculations. This demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of using acceleration energy in dynamic system analysis. By incorporating acceleration energy into the model, enhanced robustness and accuracy in predicting system behavior are achieved.