Comparison Between Cytology & Some Biomarkers for Detection Bladder Cancer of Iraqi Patients

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the 4th most frequently occurring malignancy and the 9th most common cause of death worldwide in men. The invasive and metastatic form of the cancer is the main cause of death or unfavorable prognosis for BC patients. The presence of a bladder tumor is often discovered after episodes of painless macroscopic hematuria. At initial diagnosis, the disease is non-muscle-invasive in approximately 75% of patients. In recent years, detecting aberrantly biomarkers in serum has helped in the detection noninvasive of BC. Objective: To detect bladder tumors in Iraqi patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sixty cases were suspected of having bladder tumors according to the opinion of the physician and some signs and symptoms, the best sign was hematuria in urine (per diagnosis). An additional 30 healthy controls with similar age and sex were recruited as control groups, with an average age of 37_85 years. from Baghdad Medical City / Ghazi al–Hariri Teaching Hospital and AlKindi Specialized Hospital during the period from September / 2023 to April / 2024. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compare the results with cytology. Results: Out of 60 bladder inflammations, the results of ELISA / BTA were highly significant differences (p < 0.01), and ELISA / NMP-22 were nonsignificant differences (P = 0.092). In addition. Conclusions: cytology needs some confirmative tests to detect bladder cancer.