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The article argues that elimination of the criminal law provision (Art. 188 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) was of an artificial and unjustified nature and resulted in an increase in the number of crimes due to singling out special smuggling types in Art. 2001, 2002, 2261 and 2291 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author proves the need to unite various types of specialized smuggling in the single body of a crime and to unify the subject and main attributes of smuggling to improve the practical application efficiency. The paper concludes that special smuggling types can trigger discrepancies in the judicial practice with regards to review of such criminal cases similarly to singling out special fraud types due to the blanket character of their dispositions and variability of the respective types of law including international law and its application practice. Differentiation of the generic body of smuggling into special types is an impractical and unjustified decision.
Maya M. Savchenko (Thu,) studied this question.