Case Report: A 5 Yea kan r Old Girl with Diphtheria

Background: Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is characterized by the formation of pseudomembranes in the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity, which can lead to severe complications such as airway obstruction, myocarditis, and paralysis of the palate muscles. Aims: This study aims to detail the clinical course and treatment of a pediatric diphtheria case, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interventions. Methods: The case of a 5-year-old girl presenting with a 3-day history of fever at K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital is described. Clinical evaluation, including history, physical examination, and supportive tests, led to a diagnosis of diphtheritic tonsillitis. Findings: The patient exhibited classic symptoms of diphtheria, including sore throat, fever, and the presence of a dirty, greyish-white pseudomembrane on the tonsils. The membrane extended to adjacent structures, causing a condition known as bullneck. The treatment protocol included the administration of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), antibiotics, antipyretics, corticosteroids, and symptomatic management. Conclusion: Diphtheria remains a serious infectious disease requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. The case highlights the importance of early intervention, continuous monitoring, and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy to improve patient outcomes. Implications: This study underscores the necessity of vigilant clinical practices in managing diphtheria cases, particularly in pediatric patients, to reduce morbidity and mortality.