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An English (2024) translation (v1) by P. Marquet of the Max Planck's 1911 paper "Energy and temperature" published first in French ("Energie et temp\'erature", J. Phys. Theor. Appl., 1 (1), p.345-359) and then in German ("Energie und Temperatur", Phys. Z., 12 (16), p.681-687).
Marquet et al. (Mon,) studied this question.