Mining, through technological processes, creates large amounts of residue.Through industrial processing, products and residues may contain higher levels of radionuclides.These minerals in their raw form contain uranium, which has an activity of about 15 Bq/kg.In fact, it is natural that the raw materials contain radionuclides due to the presence of 40 K, 238 U, and 232 Th in the earth.The average content of radioactivity at world levels in the earth's crust is 727±60 Bq/kg, 33±7 Bq/kg,, and 43±4 Bq/kg, respectively for 40 K, 238 U, and 232 Th [1].Minerals during their processing lead to the concentration of radionuclides, which can cause an increase in human exposure and widespread environmental pollution.Several types of industries have been identified that deal with materials that contain elevated levels
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Hasani et al. (2024) studied this question.
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