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Distribution of CR and NANA metabolite levels in non-smoker cases without and with (A) Childhood parental smoking exposure and (B) Secondhand smoking exposure. **** p<0.0001; NS, non-smokers; CPS, Childhood parental smoking exposure; SHS, Secondhand smoking exposure, LCC, lung cancer cases; x͂ = median
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Dalal et al. (2024) studied this question.
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