Realistic Digital Reference Object (DRO) toolkit for quantitative breast Ultra-Fast Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (UF-DCE) MRI

Reconstruction of highly accelerated dynamic images is challenging and requires rigorous validation of reconstruction methods. We proposed a digital reference object (DRO) toolkit that provides realistic morphology and contrast dynamics in breast cancer. We acquired various base images containing real breast cancer lesions and simulated realistic contrast dynamics using the estimated kinetic parameters. Our toolkit provides a large number of reference objects with wide ranges of the dynamic images, kinetic parameters, segmentation masks, and k-space data. These realistic DROs with known ground-truth values can be used for different studies, including validation of reconstruction and training deep neural network.