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Surgical intervention should be considered when extremity lymphedema reached clinical stage II, and the identification of lymphatic vessels from nearby veins is critical for surgery planning. In this study, we reviewed the MRL examinations of patients with secondary lymphedema. The results showed that MRL could be used to characterize the secondary lymphedema pre-operatively, and predefine treatment planning for patients who suffer secondary lymphedema.
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Zhang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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