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Several studies have compared myelin-sensitive MRI maps to myelin staining to demonstrate the degree of correlation of the MRI metric with myelin content. This study in the common marmoset compares six myelin-sensitive MRI metrics acquired in vivo to stains for myelin, cell nuclei, and ferritin. T2*-based myelin water fraction (MWF) and inhomogeneous magnetization transfer saturation (ihMTsat) presented the greatest specificity for myelin content, with ihMTsat having a higher signal in grey matter regions. T1w/T2w had the strongest correlation with the iron-storage protein ferritin, and T2* presented the greatest correlation with the cell nuclei stain.
Rowley et al. (Wed,) studied this question.