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Myelin plays an essential role in the normal functioning of the central nervous system. However, how myelination influences longitudinal changes in cognitive performance, especially in cognitively normal (CN) individuals, remains unclear. Using a linear mixed-effects regression analysis, we examined the association between myelin content and changes in cognitive domain scores obtained over several years prior to the time of the MRI scan. We demonstrated strong and statistically significant relationships between myelin content and the rates of change in cognitive performance in several white matter regions. These findings highlight the importance of white matter, specifically myelin integrity, in cognitive functioning.
Gong et al. (Wed,) studied this question.