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Developing 3D hosts is one of the most promising strategies for putting forward the practical application of lithium(Li)-based anodes. However, the concentration polarization and uniform electric field of the traditional 3D hosts result in undesirable "top growth" of Li, reduced space utilization, and obnoxious dendrites. Herein, a novel dual-gradient 3D host (GDPL-3DH) simultaneously possessing gradient-distributed pore structure and lithiophilic sites is constructed by an electrospinning route. Under the synergistic effect of the gradient-distributed pore and lithiophilic sites, the GDPL-3DH exhibits the gradient-increased electrical conductivity from top to bottom. Also, Li is preferentially and uniformly deposited at the bottom of the GDPL-3DH with a typical "bottom-top" mode confirmed by the optical and SEM images, without Li dendrites. Consequently, an ultra-long lifespan of 5250 h of a symmetrical cell at 2 mA cm
Fu et al. (Fri,) studied this question.