Institutionalization of Social Economy Public Policies as a Strategy against Global Challenges: Evidence from the Spanish Experience

This paper explores the process of increasing institutionalization of the social economy, focusing on its critical role in addressing global challenges, especially during crises. By examining mainstream international documents, the study identifies challenges confronting the social economy and spotlights Spain as a model for effective institutionalization practices in terms of recognition, regulation, institutional support, policies and programs and external institutional leadership. Two distinct forms of institutionalization are distinguished: socio-cognitive and political. Spain's leadership is noteworthy for integrating these forms, translating conceptual ideals into tangible policies.