Geodesic structure of test particles in different regular black holes

This paper investigates the metrics of existing regular black hole space–times and calculates their effective potentials, plotting the corresponding curves. By analyzing these curves, it identifies all types of geodesic structures for test particles in various regular black hole space–times. Using dynamical equations near black holes, it determines two distinct bound orbits for fixed energy levels in different space–times and identifies stable and unstable circular orbits as the energy approaches critical values. Additionally, it provides escape orbits for fixed energy levels across different space–times. Comparative analysis reveals the fastest and slowest periapsis precession rates, identifies space–times with counterclockwise periapsis precession, and highlights those with the most intricate escape orbits for fixed energy levels.