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Abstract This work revisits the notion of complex step derivative approximation (CSDA) and presents its use in constitutive model of a class of nonlinear viscoelastic materials. The effectiveness of a CSDA is evaluated by putting it through a series of straightforward examples. After that, the idea of the CSDA is put to use in order to carry out a numerical evaluation of the algorithmic tangent moduli of a viscoelastic constitutive model. The performance of the constitutive models is evaluated through the use of three different numerical tests, and the results are compared to those that were achieved by the application of an analytical method. In comparison to other numerical differentiation techniques, It has been found that the CSDA scheme is the most computationally efficient and robust method of numerical differentiation, regardless of the size of the finite difference interval.
Fan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.