The Fermented Liquid Biofertilizer Use Derived From Slaughterhouse Waste Improves Maize Crop Yield

Background: The exclusive application of synthetic or organic fertilizers continues to generate controversy. Evidence indicates that the integrated use of these practices can enhance crop nutrition, reduce the reliance on synthetic fertilizers, and mitigate their polluting impact on soil quality. Objective: To evaluate organic and mineral fertilization doses used on hard yellow maize Megahybrid 619 INIA growth and yield using a liquid biofertilizer derived from slaughterhouse waste fermentation. Methodology: Using a randomized complete block experimental design with a 4x2 factorial arrangement, four doses of NPK chemical fertilization and biofertilizer application were tested. Mineral fertilization was divided into two parts, while slaughterhouse waste fermented biofertilizer applications were carried out via drench during vegetative growth and between the tasselling and grain filling stages at a 50 L∙ha⁻¹ product dose. Results: Liquid biofertilizer (K1) use positively impacted growth, with a comparable effect on height and leaf area applying fertilization medium dose (F2_K1). The lowest dose of chemical fertilization in combination with the biofertilizer (F1_K1) obtained a significantly higher maize harvest index (+14%) compared to complete fertilization (F3_K1). Implications: While the highest fertilization levels did not result in increased yields, it is plausible that under different conditions and with other maize hybrids, significant differences may be observed. Conclusion: The application of liquid biofertilizer combined with a reduced dose of mineral fertilization results in a higher harvest index and a yield comparable to that achieved with full mineral fertilization in the hard yellow maize Megahybrid 619 INIA.