The interplay of realism and idealism helps science fiction thrive, usually using an idea of "immediacy" to drive its narratives. This research article studies this dynamic using the distinctive lens of international and Indian Sci-Fi. It explores how Indian and internationally known writers grapple with idealistic or utopian ideas and dystopian concerns while situating their futuristic portrayals in the critical realities of current India and the world. The paper also examines the impact of Cli-Fi and Afrofuturism and investigates how SF treats gender questions within dystopian and utopian settings. Finally, it discusses the contribution of Indian SF to the vivid fresco of SF by suggesting fresh views on these perpetual themes.
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D. K. Kundu (2024) studied this question.
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