Opioid analgesics such as codeine, hydrocodone, and tramadol undergo metabolism that is mediated by the polymorphic CYP2D6 isoenzyme, and research has shown that a CYP2D6 genotype‐guided approach to pain control can optimize effectiveness and/or minimize adverse drug reactions associated with these analgesics in patients with different CYP2D6 genotypes (Smith et al., 2019).
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Yau Lam (2024) studied this question.
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