Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection

According to WHO data, about 800 million of the world population had contracted a coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 by mid-2023. The properties of this virus allowed it to circulate in the human population for a long time, evolving defense mechanisms against the host immune system. The severity of the disease depends largely on the degree of activation of the systemic immune response, including overstimulation of macrophages and monocytes, cytokine production, and triggering of adaptive T- and B-cell responses while SARS-CoV-2 evading from the immune system action. In the review we discussed the immune responses triggered in response to SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into the cell and the malfunctions of the immune system leading to the development of severe disease.