Repairing and destructive effects of microorganisms in buildings

In architecture, microorganisms can act as heroes or villains. However, research on microorganisms has been delegated to engineering sciences and is usually conducted in parallel with architecture. This study analyzes scientific advances in biomaterials, including microorganisms that benefit materials and microorganisms that degrade buildings. The methodology consisted of a literature review, followed by a classification and description of the microorganisms to facilitate the analysis of the findings. The results revealed that some microorganisms provide materials with positive characteristics, such as greater durability, self-repair, increased compression and absorption, and most importantly, environmental sustainability. During destructive processes, microorganisms primarily affect heritage buildings because of their destructive properties. The biodegradation of buildings can be slowed, delayed, or inhibited by microorganisms; therefore, this analysis can provide an opportunity to advance materials research.