Physical computing involves the creation of interactive digital devices that sense and respond to the world around them [1]. Typically, sensors, actuators and communications modules are connected to a microcontroller (MCU) running code that maps sensed inputs into outputs such as lighting, sound and electro-mechanical actuation [7]. This prototyping process builds on a wide range of disciplines including electronics, mechatronics, computer science and software development. It's typically experimental, creative and highly iterative.
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Devine et al. (2024) studied this question.
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