How small droplets form in turbulent multiphase flows

Droplet formation is an important research topic with applications in geophysics, where fragmentation is key in the exchange between atmosphere and ocean, and in industrial processes, with many products obtained by emulsification. Despite its importance this fundamental physical problem remains a puzzle. In this work we examine small droplet formation in turbulent multiphase flows. By surgically acting on the Navier-Stokes equations we show that small-droplet formation is the main cause of high dissipation events characterizing multiphase turbulence, and not vice versa. We also prove that tiny droplets are formed through the internal capillary dynamics of large droplets during break-up.