Effect of Adding Furfural Residues, Phosphate Fertilization, and Organic Matter on Soil Characteristics and Increasing Available Phosphorus

Laboratory experiment was conducted in department of Soil Science and Water Resources collage of Agriculture, University of Basrah for the purpose of studying the effect of adding Furfural, phosphorus and organic matter on availability of phosphorus in the soil. Three levels of furfural were used (0, 600, and 1200 mg kg-1), three levels of phosphate fertilization in the form of urea phosphate fertilizer (0, 500, and 1000 mg P kg-1), and two levels of organic matter from cow waste (0 and 40 tons ha-1). Individually or overlapping with each other, soil samples were incubated intervals of 15 and 30 days, and after the end of the incubation period, a sample was taken from each treatment, and were estimate pH, available phosphorus, and organic matter. The results showed no significant effect of the treatments on soil pH values ​​after 15 days of incubation, while there was a significant effect after 30 days. Adding a level of 1200 mg kg-1 of furfural, 1000 mg p kg-1 of phosphate fertilizer, and 40 tons ha-1 of organic matter gave a significantly increase in the available of phosphorus in the soil, whether at an incubation period of 15 days or 30 days. At the same time, it was found that adding levels of high levels of furfural and organic matter led to an increase in the organic matter content in the soil, while the organic matter content in the soil decreased with increasing levels of phosphate fertilizer. The results indicate that adding furfural, phosphate fertilizer, and organic fertilizer can significantly increase the availability phosphorus in calcareous soil.